RV-Predict/C
RV-Predict/C is the only dynamic data race detector that is both sound and maximal. Dynamic means that it executes the program in order to extract an execution trace to analyze. Sound means that it only reports races which are real (i.e., no false positives). And maximal means that it finds all the races that can be found by any other sound race detector analyzing the same execution trace. The technology underlying RV-Predict is best explained in the following papers:
Jeff Huang, Patrick O'Neil Meredith, and Grigore Rosu. 2014. Maximal sound predictive race detection with control flow abstraction. In Proceedings of the 35th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI '14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 337-348.
Traian-Florin Serbanuta, Feng Chen, and Grigore Rosu. 2012. Maximal Causal Models for Sequentially Consistent Systems. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Runtime Verification (RV '12). LNCS Volume 7687, 2013, pp. 136-150